YHWH & names of the deity?

Briefly explain the name YHWH. How is the name explained in Ex 3:14 and what accounts for the variety of names of the deity in the Pentateuch? Is the use of these names consistent and intentional or inconsistent and due to literary quirks of a highly edited work of literature? Who argued for the former, who for the latter view? Consider the difference between a classically pious and a modern critical understanding of the different names.